@book {552, title = {British Hoverflies. An Illustrated Identification Guide}, year = {2002}, pages = {469}, publisher = {British Entomological \& Natural History Society}, organization = {British Entomological \& Natural History Society}, edition = {2nd}, isbn = {1899935053}, author = {Stubbs, A.E and Falk, S.J} } @book {551, title = {Britains{\textquoteright} Hoverflies. An introduction to the hoverflies of Britain}, year = {2015}, pages = {212}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, organization = {Princeton University Press}, edition = {Updated Second edition}, isbn = {069116441X}, author = {S.G Ball and Morris, R} } @book {549, title = {A Dipterist{\textquoteright}s Handbook}, year = {2010}, pages = {525}, publisher = {Amateur Entomologists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {Amateur Entomologists{\textquoteright} Society}, edition = {2nd revised}, isbn = {0900054778}, author = {Chandler, P} } @book {464, title = {Hymenoptera - Aculeata (Scolioidea, Vespoidea and Sphecoidea).}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.}, volume = {6(3b)}, year = {1980}, pages = {122}, url = {http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol06_Part03b_Richards.pdf}, author = {Richards, OW} } @book {463, title = {The Vespoid Wasps of the British Isles}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.}, volume = {6(6)}, year = {2014}, pages = {82}, abstract = {

A general introduction is provided to the natural history and external morphology for the following families of the Vespoidea: Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae and Vespidae including the subfamilies Eumeninae, Polistinae and Vespinae. A checklist is given for the 45 species that have been recorded from the British Isles. Keys to the families, genera and species, together with diagnostic illustrations, are provided. Notes are given on the preparation of specimens for identification. Species profiles include information on British and overseas distribution, habitats, adult activity period, nesting characteristics, prey, host records and flowers visited.

}, author = {Archer, ME} } @book {462, title = {Cuckoo-Wasps. Hymenoptera: Chrysididae}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.}, volume = {6 (5)}, year = {1984}, publisher = {Royal Entomological Society}, organization = {Royal Entomological Society}, url = {http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol06_Part05.pdf}, author = {Morgan, D} } @book {461, title = {Spider Wasps. Hymenoptera: Pompilidae}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.}, volume = {6 (4)}, year = {1988}, pages = {60}, issn = {0 901546 70 4}, url = {http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol06_Part04.pdf}, author = {Day, MC} } @book {460, title = {Solitary Wasps}, series = {Richmond Publishing}, year = {1995}, pages = {68}, edition = {2nd}, author = {Yeo, P and Corbet, SA} } @book {457, title = {Field Guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland}, year = {2015}, pages = {336}, publisher = {British Wildlife Publishing}, organization = {British Wildlife Publishing}, isbn = {978-1910389034}, author = {Falk, S and R Lewington} } @book {455, title = {Symphyta (except Tenthredinidae)}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.}, volume = {6(2a)}, year = {1981}, pages = {67}, author = {Quinlan, J and Gauld, ID} } @book {454, title = {Identifying British insects and arachnids: an annotated bibliography of key works}, year = {1999}, pages = {368}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9780521632416}, author = {Barnard, P} } @book {452, title = {The Hymenoptera}, year = {1988}, publisher = {British Museum Natural History and Oxford University Press}, organization = {British Museum Natural History and Oxford University Press}, author = {Gauld, ID and Bolton, B} } @book {451, title = {Hymenoptera 2. Symphyta Section (b)}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. }, volume = {6.2(b)}, year = {1952}, pages = {51-37}, publisher = {Royal Entomological Society}, organization = {Royal Entomological Society}, url = {http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol06_Part02b.pdf}, author = {Benson, RB} } @book {449, title = {British Plant Galls}, year = {2011}, pages = {432}, publisher = {Field Studies Council}, organization = {Field Studies Council}, edition = {2nd}, author = {Redfern, M and Shirley, P} } @book {448, title = {Plant Galls}, series = {New Naturalist Library}, volume = {117}, year = {2011}, pages = {562}, publisher = {Harper Collins}, organization = {Harper Collins}, address = {London}, author = {Redfern, M} } @book {447, title = {Highland Bumblebees: Distribution, Ecology and Conservation}, year = {2006}, isbn = {978 0 9552211 0 1}, url = {http://www.hbrg.org.uk/Atlases.html}, author = {Macdonald, M and Nisbet, G} } @book {446, title = {Highland Ants: Distribution, Ecology and Conservation}, year = {2013}, pages = {64}, publisher = {Highland Biological Recording Group}, organization = {Highland Biological Recording Group}, address = {Inverness}, isbn = {978 0 9552211 4 9}, url = {http://www.hbrg.org.uk/Atlases.html}, author = {Macdonald, M} } @book {445, title = {Classification and biology of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)}, series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects.}, volume = {7 (11)}, year = {1991}, pages = {1-126}, publisher = {Royal Entomological Society}, organization = {Royal Entomological Society}, url = {http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol07_Part11.pdf}, author = {Shaw, MR and Huddleston, T} } @book {359, title = {Collins Butterfly Guide}, year = {2008}, pages = {384}, publisher = {Collins}, organization = {Collins}, isbn = {978-0007242344}, author = {Tolman, T and R Lewington} } @book {355, title = {The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, author = {Asher, J and Warren, M.S, and Fox, R, and Harding, P.T, and Jeffcoate, G, and Jeffcoate, S} } @book {111, title = {The fishes of the British Isles and north-west Europe}, year = {1969}, pages = {613}, publisher = {Macmillan}, organization = {Macmillan}, address = {London}, author = {Wheeler, A} } @book {112, title = {Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean}, volume = {I,II {\&} III}, year = {1986}, publisher = {United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)}, organization = {United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {Fish}, author = {Whitehead, P J P and Bauchot, M.-L. and Hureau, J.-C.. and Nielson, J and Tortonese, E} } @book {139, title = {FAO species identification guide. Marine mammals of the world.}, year = {1994}, publisher = {United Nations Environment Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {United Nations Environment Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {Rome}, abstract = {

This is a worldwide guide for the identification of marine mammals and those cetaceans, seals, and sirenians also found in freshwater. The 119 species include a variety of taxa: baleen whales, toothed whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, sirenians, marine otters, and the polar bear. There is an introduction with notes on marine mammal distribution in regard to oceanography and marine mammal identification, a glossary of technical terms, illustrated keys to species, illustrated family keys for skulls, species sheets, and a table of species by major marine fishing areas. Every species sheet includes scientific and official FAO names, diagnostic features, notes on similar species, size, distribution, biology, habitat, behaviour, exploitation, and IUCN (World Conservation Union, formerly International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) status. The work is fully indexed and includes a list of referentes and sources for further reading.

}, keywords = {MarineMammals}, author = {Jefferson, T A and Leatherwood, S and Webber, M A} } @book {175, title = {A Natural History of St Kilda}, year = {2009}, pages = {351}, publisher = {Birlinn}, organization = {Birlinn}, address = {Edinburgh}, keywords = {St Kilda}, author = {Love, John A} } @book {McAlpine1981, title = {Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 1}, year = {1981}, pages = {684}, publisher = {Canada Agriculture}, organization = {Canada Agriculture}, abstract = {

About 50 authors have contributed to this first part of a monograph on the Diptera of the Nearctic Region. The main purpose of this new manual is to provide an up-to-date, well illustrated, easily interpretable means of identifying the families and genera of the region. It is also designed to be a basic reference to a wide spectrum of biosystematic information on Diptera for professional biologists, teachers, students and informed amateurs. It was planned as a replacement for a publication by C.H. Curran [see RAE/B 23, p. 43], and will be in 2 volumes. Volume 1 contains 48 chapters, of which the first 5 are relevant to both volumes and include an introduction, accounts of the morphology and terminology of adults and larvae, and keys to the families of Diptera, based on adult and larval characters. Treatments of the 24 families of the Nematocera and the 19 families of the orthorraphous Brachycera comprise the remaining chapters of this volume. The chapters on the individual families include not only the relevant taxonomic review and keys to genera, but also information on distribution, biology, behaviour (including predation and parasitism on other insects and invertebrates) and medical and veterinary importance in many families such as the Psychodidae (especially the Phlebotominae), Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Tabanidae and Rhagionidae

}, keywords = {Diptera, Identification}, isbn = {0660107317}, url = {http://esc-sec.ca/aafcmonographs/manual_of_nearctic_diptera_vol_1.pdf}, author = {McAlpine, J.F. and Peterson, B.V and Shewell, GE and Teskey, HJ and Vockeroth, J.R and Wood, DM} } @book {Oldroyd1954, title = {Diptera. Introduction and key to families}, series = {Handbooks for the identification of British Insects.}, volume = {9(1)}, year = {1954}, publisher = {Royal Entomological Society}, organization = {Royal Entomological Society}, url = {http://www.royensoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Vol09_Part01.pdf}, author = {Oldroyd, H.} } @book {98, title = {Outer Hebrides Bird Report 2008-10}, year = {2011}, pages = {184}, publisher = {Outer Hebrides Birds}, organization = {Outer Hebrides Birds}, address = {South Uist, Outer Hebrides}, author = {Rabbitts, Brian} } @book {140, title = {Atlas of Cetacean Distribution in North-west European Waters}, year = {2003}, pages = {76}, publisher = {Joint Nature Conservation Committee}, organization = {Joint Nature Conservation Committee}, address = {Peterborough}, keywords = {Marine Mammals}, isbn = {1 86107 550 2}, url = {http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/PDF/CetaceansAtlas{\_}web.pdf}, author = {Reid, J B and Evans, P G H and Northridge, S P} } @book {104, title = {Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part 8. Order Gasterosteiformes, suborder Syngathoidei, Syngathidae (Doryrhamphinae, Syngnathinae, Hippocampinae)}, year = {1982}, pages = {xi, 198p.}, publisher = {Sears Foundation for Marine Research}, organization = {Sears Foundation for Marine Research}, address = {New Haven}, keywords = {Fish}, author = {Dawson, C E and Vari, R P} } @book {225, title = {Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe}, year = {2006}, pages = {320pp}, publisher = {British Wildlife Publishing}, organization = {British Wildlife Publishing}, keywords = {Odonata}, author = {Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B and R Lewington} } @book {110, title = {British Sea Fishes}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Underwater World Publications Ltd.}, organization = {Underwater World Publications Ltd.}, edition = {2nd}, address = {Teddington}, keywords = {Fish}, author = {Dipper, F} } @book {167, title = {The Mink}, year = {1993}, pages = {232}, publisher = {Poyser}, organization = {Poyser}, address = {London}, keywords = {American Mink, Mammals}, isbn = {0856610801}, author = {Dunstone, N} } @book {165, title = {A Review of British Mammals: Population Estimates and Conservation Status of British Mammals Other than Cetaceans}, year = {1995}, pages = {216}, publisher = {Joint Nature Conservation Committee}, organization = {Joint Nature Conservation Committee}, address = {Peterborough}, abstract = {

This review covers 64 species and one sub species of terrestrial mammal known, or believed, to breed in Britain. It includes those feral species that have persisted as breeding populations for at least fifteen years, but excludes the cetaceans. 2. For each species there is an assessment of the current status, historical and recent changes in numbers, population trends and population threats. For most species these assessments are based on subjective rather than objective criteria because there are few species for which there are long-term population data. 3. For each species except Nathusius\&$\#$39; pipistrelle a pre-breeding population estimate was calculated to provide a base-line against which to measure future changes. Estimates are provided for Great Britain as a whole and separately for England, Scotland and Wales. The results are summarised in Table 14. The minimum aim was to achieve a population estimate with an accuracy to within an order of magnitude, but most are thought to be more accurate. A code is used to identify the level of confidence for each estimate. For ten species the estimate was graded 1 (most reliable), for ten it was graded 2, for 20 it was graded 3, for 19 it was graded 4, and for five the estimate was graded 5. 4. Several problems were highlighted in the course of making these estimates. First, there are very few species for which an estimate of total population size was available; for most, population size was calculated either by estimating their abundance relative to other species and/or by multiplying the amount of suitable habitat by known population density estimates for those habitats. However, even this approach proved problematical for many species, either because density estimates were not available from Britain, or because these estimates were only available for a limited number of habitat types. Furthermore, most population sizes calculated in this way will tend to be over-estimates, because density estimates so derived are invariably based on a limited number of studies in some of the more suitable habitats for that particular species. 5. The review highlights the paucity of population data for many species of mammal, and density data are few or non-existent even for a number of common and/or widespread species such as the hedgehog, house mouse and common rat. Thus, further field studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the distribution and density of most species; only then will it be possible to refine many of the population estimates. 6. Absolute numbers of mammals are perhaps less important than trends in population size and degree of population fragmentation. The known or believed changes in British mammal populations over the last thirty years are summarised: two species have become extinct; eight are known, or believed, to have undergone substantial increases in range and/or numbers; nine have undergone some increase; for 23, population size was believed to have remained approximately stable; nine have undergone small declines in range and/or numbers; and for 14 there have been substantial declines. The species known, or believed, to be increasing in numbers include several already, or potentially, damaging to agriculture or silviculture, such as the rabbit, red deer, sika deer, roe deer and muntjac and several species which are of conservation concern and which previously had been reduced to low levels, e.g. otter and polecat. 7. The population estimates for mammals are compared to those for other vertebrates. Few species of mammal are as rare as the species of bird listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. However, mammals are less mobile, and minimum viable populations are likely to be larger. The commonest species of 3 mammal have population sizes an order of magnitude larger than those of the commonest species of bird; the same relationship applies for the rarest species of mammals and birds. 8. There are a number of population threats faced by British mammals. Of the 65 mammals included in the review, seven are known, or believed, to be threatened by competitors, seven by climate change and/or adverse weather conditions, four by disease, seven by population fragmentation or isolation, 31 by habitat changes, five by inter-breeding, 18 by deliberate killing, 25 by pesticides, pollution or poisoning, four by predation and seven by road deaths. 9. The conservation status and legal protection afforded to all species of mammal in Britain are summarised. See Table 15. 10. The conservation status of each species is discussed from a European perspective. On this basis, most of the species of mammal that are rare in Britain have larger populations in Europe. The insectivores are generally about as common in Britain as in the rest of their European range; other than the Bechstein\&$\#$39;s and barbastelle bats, which are rare throughout Europe, the British populations of bats contribute only a small proportion of the European population; of the lagomorphs, the brown hare and rabbit populations are important in a European context; of the rodents, the grey squirrel and field vole populations constitute a significant proportion of the total European population; of the carnivores and pinnipeds, the otter, badger, common seal and grey seal populations are important in a European context; of the artiodactyls, the red, sika, fallow, muntjac and Chinese water deer populations are important and the populations of Soay sheep and wild goats that are of ancient origin are of particular interest because the populations in Britain are unique and constitute about half the ancient feral caprines in Europe. 11. The monitoring of endangered wild mammal populations is now a statutory responsibility under European Union legislation. This review identifies those species of particular conservation concern from both a British and a European perspective and provides a basis on which to develop a comprehensive monitoring scheme for British mammals.

}, keywords = {Mammals}, author = {Harris, S and Pat Morris and Wray, S and Yalden, D W} } @book {166, title = {Mammals of the British Isles}, year = {2008}, pages = {799}, publisher = {Mammal Society}, organization = {Mammal Society}, edition = {4th edition}, address = {Southampton}, keywords = {Mammals}, author = {Harris, S and Yalden, D W} } @book {Hill, title = {Alien amphibian and reptile species in the UK}, year = {2014}, publisher = {ARC Trust}, organization = {ARC Trust}, keywords = {Amphibians, INNS, Reptiles}, url = {http://www.arc-trust.org/Resources/Arc\%20Trust/Documents/ARC_alien_species_booklet_v5_Bilingual_2014.pdf}, author = {Hill, Peter} } @book {163, title = {The Outer Hebrides. Moor and Machair}, year = {2001}, pages = {339}, publisher = {The White Horse Press}, organization = {The White Horse Press}, address = {Cambridge}, keywords = {Outer Hebrides}, author = {Stewart Angus} } @book {184, title = {Scotland{\textquoteright}s Marine Atlas: Information for the national marine plan}, year = {2011}, pages = {199}, publisher = {Marine Scotland}, organization = {Marine Scotland}, address = {Edinburgh}, abstract = {

Scotland\&$\#$39;s Marine Atlas - Information for the National Marine Plan is an assessment of the condition of Scotland\&$\#$39;s seas, based on scientific evidence from data and analysis, supported by expert judgement. Featuring maps, graphics and information about Scotland\&$\#$39;s seas, the Atlas: Supports the new marine planning framework that is being created following the introduction of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010; Provides an assessment of the currentstate of Scotland\&$\#$39;s seas, to fulfil the legislative requirements of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 and the EU Marine Strategy Framework ; Informs and educates people about the marine environment and marine issues in general

}, keywords = {Marine Atlas, Scotland}, isbn = {987-0-7559-8254-7}, url = {http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/16182005/0}, author = {Baxter, J M and Boyd, I.L., and Cox, M., and Donald, A.E., and Malcolm, S.J., and Miles, H., and Miller, B., and Moffat, C.F.,} } @book {196, title = {Field Guide to the Larvae and Exuviae of British Dragonflies: Damselflies (Zgypotera) and Dragonflies (Anisoptera)}, year = {2012}, pages = {152pp}, publisher = {British Dragonfly Society}, organization = {British Dragonfly Society}, abstract = {

This field guide aids the identification of dragonfly and damselfly larvae and exuviae without the need for keys. It is fully illustrated with close-up colour photographs of all the key distinguishing features. It includes information on where to find larvae and exuviae and emergence periods for each species. In this new volume, two new species, dainty damselfly Coenagrion scitulum and Southern migrant hawker Aeshna affinis, have been added. A new appendix for willow emerald Lestes viridis shows extra features on the exuvia and the scars left by ovipositing females. There have also been revisions to other pieces of text, but the overall format of this book matches the earlier field guides.

}, keywords = {Odonata}, isbn = {0955647126}, author = {S Cham} } @book {197, title = {Atlas of Dragonflies in Britain and Ireland}, year = {2014}, pages = {280pp}, publisher = {Field Studies Council for the Biological Records Centre, Centre for Ecology \& Hydrology, with the British Dragonfly Society}, organization = {Field Studies Council for the Biological Records Centre, Centre for Ecology \& Hydrology, with the British Dragonfly Society}, abstract = {

Dragonflies and damselflies are a remarkable group of insects, and a conspicuous summer sight over most waterbodies. Although many species of dragonfly and damselfly are doing well, almost a third of British and Irish species are in decline and in need of conservation effort. This atlas shows the distribution and reviews the recent status of the 57 species found in Britain and Ireland

}, keywords = {Odonata}, author = {S Cham and Nelson, Brian and Parr, Adrian and Prentice, Steve and Smallshire, Dave and Taylor, Pam} }