02218nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001300229490000700242520162600249653001401875653001201889100001801901700001601919700002001935856009301955 2006 eng d00aSurvival and weight changes of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) translocated from the Hebrides to Mainland Scotland0 aSurvival and weight changes of hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus tra a89–1020 v493 a

Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are being killed on the Uists, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, in an attempt to improve the breeding success of ground nesting birds. Translocation of hedgehogs was considered as an option, but dismissed on welfare grounds. The principal concern was that translocated animals would starve. The present study set out to test this hypothesis. Twenty hedgehogs from the Uists were released on the Scottish mainland at Eglinton Country Park, Irvine and radio tracked for a month to ascertain whether or not the animals were going to starve in their new environment. Seven of the twenty radio tracked hedgehogs showed significant weight gains, five maintained their weight, and three lost weight. Two of the hedgehogs that lost weight died during the study. There were three early deaths from predation and drowning, one from a pre-existing tumour. If these deaths and the individual that vanished on the first night are removed from the analysis the results indicate an 80{%} survival rate one month after translocation. If all early deaths by predation and drowning are attributed to the unfamiliarity of the translocated hedgehogs with the terrain, the survival rate is 67{%} one month after translocation. The data also indicate that there is an advantage for females to weigh at least 550 g on release. Although conclusions should be drawn with care due to the limited sample size, study period and research approach our study suggests that concerns over the welfare of translocated hedgehogs are not well-founded, thus questioning the principal objection to such an undertaking.

10aHedgehogs10aMammals1 aWarwick, Hugh1 aMorris, Pat1 aWalker, Douglas uhttp://www.urchin.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/urchin/2012/04/Lutra_49_2_Warwick_et_al.pdf00439nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006000041210005700101300001400158490000700172653001200179653000900191100001500200856009000215 1940 eng d00aField Mice (Apodemus) from the Outer Hebrides, Scotland0 aField Mice Apodemus from the Outer Hebrides Scotland a347–3510 v2110aMammals10aMice1 aWarwick, T uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/field-mice-apodemus-outer-hebrides-scotland-000561nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001200183490001100195653001000206653001300216653001200229653001300241653001900254100001500273856010300288 1938 eng d00aNotes on the mammals of Barra, Mingulay and Berneray, Outer Hebrides0 aNotes on the mammals of Barra Mingulay and Berneray Outer Hebrid a57–590 v(1938)10aBarra10aBerneray10aMammals10aMingulay10aOuter Hebrides1 aWarwick, T uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/notes-mammals-barra-mingulay-and-berneray-outer-hebrides-002064nas a2200169 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191300001400260490000700274520139900281653001401680653001201694100001801706700001701724700001901741856013401760 2004 eng d00aLong-term population changes among breeding shorebirds in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, in relation to introduced hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)0 aLongterm population changes among breeding shorebirds in the Out a151–1660 v173 a

In 1974, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were introduced to the island of South Uist, which forms part of an area holding one of the largest concentrations of breeding shorebirds in Western Europe. By the 1990s these mammals had spread widely and become major predators of shorebird eggs. Breeding shorebirds were surveyed in 1983, when hedgehogs were confined to a small part of South Uist. They were surveyed again in 2000 by when hedgehogs had occupied all of the southern part (South Uist and Benbecula) of the 250 km2 of lowland shorebird nesting habitat for at least 10 years but had not yet colonised large parts of North Uist and adjacent small islands. Between surveys the overall numbers of shorebirds in the hedgehog-free northern zone increased by 9{%} but in the southern zone, where hedgehogs were present, numbers decreased by 39{%}. Population changes differed among species, but for all species the population in the hedgehog-free northern zone outperformed that in the southern zone. The most marked differences occurred in northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and common redshank (Tringa totanus), which both showed large declines in the southern zone and moderate to large increases in the northern zone. The north–south differences in population change could not be explained in terms of habitat change and were probably largely driven by hedgehog predation.

10aHedgehogs10aMammals1 aJackson, D, B1 aFuller, R, J1 aCampbell, S, T uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/long-term-population-changes-among-breeding-shorebirds-outer-hebrides-scotland-relation-002221nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192300001200261490000700273520158700280653001401867653001201881100001801893700001601911856013601927 2000 eng d00aThe importance of the introduced hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) as a predator of the eggs of waders (Charadrii) on machair in South Uist, Scotland0 aimportance of the introduced hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus as a p a333-3480 v933 a

Populations of waders (Charadrii) on machair habitats on the island of South Uist were counted and wader nests were monitored to determine nest success and causes of failure. There were large declines in wader numbers and nest success following the spread of the introduced hedgehog throughout the island. Predation of wader eggs by hedgehogs was frequent, but susceptibility varied among wader species, being between 0 and 60{%} of the nests started. Wader species that were susceptible to hedgehog predation tended to suffer larger population declines than those that were less susceptible, with the exception that the ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) population declined markedly even though their nests were depredated by hedgehogs infrequently. A combined analysis of mark-resighting and radio-tracking data produced an average hedgehog population density estimate of 57 adults km−2. It was estimated that wader eggs only provided 0.7–5.5 % of the energy requirements of hedgehogs, even during the season when most eggs were taken. From this it is argued that the abundance of hedgehogs and the intensity of their predation on wader eggs are unlikely to diminish in response to wader population declines. Unless some presently unidentified density-dependent mechanism compensates for low nest success, local extinctions of susceptible wader species are likely if no action is taken to reduce hedgehog predation. This appears to be the first documented case of hedgehogs threatening an internationally important bird population with regional extinction.

10aHedgehogs10aMammals1 aJackson, D, B1 aGreen, R, E uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/importance-introduced-hedgehog-erinaceus-europaeus-predator-eggs-waders-charadrii-machair-002372nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001600197490000700213520183100220653001802051653001202069100001402081700002202095700002002117856006502137 2015 eng d00aRemoval of American mink (Neovison vison) from the Uists, Outer Hebrides, Scotland0 aRemoval of American mink Neovison vison from the Uists Outer Heb a2811–28200 v173 a

Since escaping from fur farms in the 1950s, American mink had colonised the 2800 km2 archipelago of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Between November 2001 and June 2006 the species was removed from a total of 850 km2 of the southernmost islands, collectively named the Uists, as part of a pilot study exploring the feasibility of large scale eradication throughout the archipelago. Animals were also controlled in neighbouring South Harris (255 km2) to reduce the risk of recolonisation. The project used two main methods, the operation of coastal and riparian cage traps; and trapping at breeding dens located using trained dogs. In the Uists this resulted in 100,824 trap nights over 4 years. Den searches were carried out over 500 handler-days. Overall a total of 228 mink was caught in The Uists, with the last capture in March 2005. After this date, despite a further 7 months of intensive trapping and searching effort, no further signs of mink were found and they were considered likely to have been removed from this region. In the buffer area of South Harris, 41,674 trap nights over 4 years resulted in 240 captures with few animals being caught by the end of the project. This effort greatly reduced the risk of recolonisation from this region, although there was still a possibility of extant isolated populations remaining within the region, particularly on offshore islets, which would then be detected and trapped by a follow up programme. An adaptive management process resulted in significant increases in trapping efficiency. Improvements included optimisation of trap spacing and the frequency and duration of trap-line operation; improvements in the cage designs and use of lures. The protocols developed here were used in the subsequent eradication campaign in the remainder of the Outer Hebrides.

10aAmerican Mink10aMammals1 aRoy, S, S1 aChauvenet, A, L M1 aRobertson, P, A uhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-015-0927-y00403nas a2200133 4500008004100000245004600041210004200087300001200129490000700141653001200148653001800160100001400178856007700192 1955 eng d00aThe mountain hare in the scottish islands0 amountain hare in the scottish islands a53–540 v6710aMammals10aMountain hare1 aHewson, R uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/mountain-hare-scottish-islands-001548nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187300001400256490000800270520094300278653001401221653001201235100001801247856013701265 2006 eng d00aThe breeding biology of introduced hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) on a Scottish Island: lessons for population control and bird conservation0 abreeding biology of introduced hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus on  a303–3140 v2683 a

The breeding biology of a recently (1974) introduced hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus population was studied on a large Scottish island. These hedgehogs have caused serious declines in internationally important ground-nesting shorebirds, and population control is now being attempted. Sexual behaviour commenced in late April, a few days after the main emergence from hibernation. It peaked in mid- May and again in late June/early July, and ceased by mid-August. Females were promiscuous and were estimated to have sexual encounters (although not necessarily matings) with at least five males during the main mating period. Twothirds of females attempted to breed for the first time in their second calendar year (i.e. as sub-adults), and the rest in their third calendar year (i.e. as adults). At least 96{%} (n=27) of adult females attempted to breed in the early part of the season (litters born in June). The vast majority (81{%

10aHedgehogs10aMammals1 aJackson, D, B uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/breeding-biology-introduced-hedgehogs-erinaceus-europaeus-scottish-island-lessons-populati-000495nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006400041210006300105300001200168490000800180653001200188653001700200100001900217700001500236856009800251 1997 eng d00aRattus rattus confirmed in the Shiant Isles, Outer Hebrides0 aRattus rattus confirmed in the Shiant Isles Outer Hebrides a33–380 v10910aMammals10aShiant Isles1 aAngus, Stewart1 aHopkins, P uhttps://hebfauna.myspecies.info/content/rattus-rattus-confirmed-shiant-isles-outer-hebrides-0